Determination of dynamic properties of structures is the first step in assessing seismic response, and they can be measured in several ways. Controlling or knowing the input excitation usually applied by impact hammer or vibration shaker, typical for experimental modal analysis (EMA) that has been around for the past few decades, is for majority of structures difficult or practically...
The seismic performance of buildings has received special attention due to the interest in the built heritage conservation and protection of human life. The historic urban centers are dominated by old unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings, which techniques and construction materials have evolved during centuries. Given the presence of these buildings in areas of significant seismicity,...
Different types of disasters, including earthquakes, are causing social, health, economic, and environmental damage worldwide. In this regard, the need for comprehensive and effective disaster and risk management becomes even more recognised, especially from public institutions. Risk management includes careful identification, analysis, and development of risk mitigation strategies, which...
Reversible retrofitting techniques for protecting architectural heritage against seismic events have found increasing application in existing or historical buildings. In this framework, the use of wood-based strengthening solutions for both timber and masonry structures has shown promising results, as proved by several recent research studies. Starting from these outcomes, the present work...
This paper focuses on earthquake consequences in buildings, analyzed in terms of architectural design choices. The Durrës earthquake of 11.26.2019 showed lot of damages of non-structural nature, in buildings of various ages, structural systems, and volumetric shapes.
The object of the article is precisely the treatment of the variety of these "damage patterns", which require to be analyzed...
Gravelly soils have liquefied at multiple sites in at least 27 earthquakes over the past 130 years. These gravels typically contain more than 25% sand which lowers the permeability and makes them susceptible to liquefaction. Developing a reliable, cost-effective liquefaction triggering procedure for gravelly soils has been a challenge for geotechnical engineers. Typical SPT- or CPT-based...
The structural response due to the seismic load depends on the dynamic structural properties and incoming ground motion. Although for low amplitude ground motions the material behaviour is assumed to be linear, as the amplitude increases the dynamic properties of the structures are changed so that the nonlinear effects should be considered.
In determining the nonlinear characteristics of...
Conventional bolt welded to a steel base and embedded in concrete have been common method for transferring force between the steel and concrete materials in composite construction in countries of Latin America. This type of anchor has been used in little and middle constructions to replace the headed steel stud due to its complex install process, which require special equipment of high...
Reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures with masonry infills are common in seismic-prone regions. Masonry infills are activated in in-plane and out-of-plane directions under seismic loading and often damaged during earthquakes. Several recent investigations have shown that the combined effects of in-plane and out-of-plane loads are particularly dangerous for masonry infills. However, most of...
The seismic sequence during years 2016 and 2017 involved a great area In Central Italy, involving four regions and more than 100.000 buildings. Many main shock events occurred, namely Amatrice earthquake (Mw 6.0 on August 24th, 2016), Valnerina earthquakes (Mw 5.9 and 5.4 on October 26th, 2016), Norcia earthquake (Mw 6.5 on October 30th 2016), and Montereale – Capitignano earthquakes (Mw 5.0,...
Development of a classification system (taxonomy) for buildings is a critical step for seismic risk assessment studies, and can be used to characterize a building portfolio within urban/rural settlements or building stock for entire country. Serbia is located in a region characterized by a moderate seismic hazard. In the last century, 10 earthquakes of magnitude 5.0 and higher occurred in...
Combined and extensive experimental and analytical study devoted to development of an integrated earthquake and flood protected (EFP) bridge system was performed. It represents an extension of the integral research project led by the fourth author, conducted in the Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology (IZIIS), Ss. Cyril and Methodius University (Skopje), during three...
The seismic design of reinforced concrete walls is greatly influenced by the selected ductility class. The ductility class directly determines the reduction of seismic loading by reducing the response spectrum using an appropriate behaviour factor. A higher ductility class can only be achieved by following more stringent design rules related to the type, amount, and detailing of reinforcement....
After a long period of inactivity, strong seismic events occurred in Croatia. Due to the extensive damage caused by the recent earthquakes, a significant phase of reconstruction and strengthening follows. Determining the actual seismic behavior of existing masonry structures is of great importance for future management and the economical and purposeful strengthening of the load-bearing...
N. Macedonia is a country characterized by relatively high seismic activity. As a consequence of its special tectonic regime, and quite frequent occurrence of damaging earthquakes, necessity for reliable seismic hazard and risk assessments are of outmost importance. Initial and one of the most important steps in PSHA is the seismic source characterization. Previously used seismic hazard models...
Highrise buildings having structural irregularities could be much susceptible to earthquake damage due to torsional response. For the optimal seismic design and retrofit of such structures against earthquake loads, many iterations of structural analysis and design change are often needed. To ensure a closed loop of assessment and adjustment in the design process, this study proposes an...
ABSTRACT
Construction of modern, seismically safe bridge structures represents a permanent activity of the highest importance because bridge structures are important key elements responsible for providing continuous functioning of integral highway infrastructure systems. An extensive experimental and analytical research led by the third author was performed in the Institute of Earthquake...
The overall objective of the project “Investigation of seismically vulnerable areas in Croatia and seismic ground motion assessment” – CRONOS – is to make Croatian society more resilient to the impact of destructive earthquakes. The aim of the CRONOS project, funded by Norwegian Financial Mechanism, is to facilitate this through the development and modernization of seismic hazard assessment in...
Increasing energy efficiency of final energy consumption is very actual and important topic, in parallel with activities and measures worldwide targeting increased share of renewable energy sources. Despite recent expansion in building construction, old buildings characterized by high consumption of energy still represent a great majority of both residential and public building stock in many...
In case of a seismic event, building damage is one of the causes of casualties. For this reason, the rapid estimation of expected structural damage in near-real time is of greatest importance to improve and support rapid response life-saving actions of emergency managers. Within this framework, we have developed the Damage Assessment for Rapid Response method that allows us to estimate the...
The reconstruction process of residential buildings damaged by L'Aquila 2009 earthquake initially involved buildings outside historical centres and then, starting from August 2012, residential buildings in historical centres. The reconstruction model related to buildings in historical centres was developed by two special offices, involved in the reconstruction process of L'Aquila municipality...
Shock Transmission Units (STU) also known as temporary connection devices or lock-up devices are mechanical devices that offer a simple, economical way to improve the resistance of existing bridges. They are mainly used for retrofitting existing bridges to accommodate higher-intensity earthquake and breaking loads defined by new design codes for which existing bridges have insufficient bearing...
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and community resilience is considered as a global priority. For several decades the focus has been on changing the approach from emergency response towards prevention strategies. Within this approach local authorities have a fundamental role in reducing such disasters as they represent the link between the community and other stakeholders; from central...
Cultural heritage buildings refer to the ancient structures having high cultural and historical significance. These buildings are constructed using obsolete construction practices and requires special considerations with respect to lateral resistance especially in high seismic regions. This study focuses on the earthquake performance assessment of the Episcopal Seminary Building and Classical...
Drained triaxial monotonic experiments represent one of the basic and most used experiments in geotechnical engineering, mostly because results from these experiments represent a starting point for any new research topic. In the case of the experiments in this paper, natural sand borrowed from the terraces of river Vardar in the region of city Skopje is used. The natural sand presents highly...
One of the most popular themes in earthquake geotechnical engineering is the simulation considering the phase interaction among different phases inside the soil medium The present article aims at providing numerical simulations of an earth fill dam composed of multiphase material models. Moreover, the assessment of liquefaction potential is investigated considering the presence of core...
This paper presents the methodology for seismic analysis of masonry structures that can be employed in commercial software packages such as SAP2000. The concept of elementary block which combines non-linear spring and linear shell elements is used for discretization of masonry walls. The proposed modeling technique with localized nonlinearity can successfully simulate in-plane wall failure...
Bridges represent key structural elements of transportation systems. They are exposed to different natural and environmental effects that may cause damage representing a potential threat mainly in disturbing the process of transportation of people and goods. The short- and long-term road closures might have a tremendous impact on regional economic and social development. Therefore, the...
Fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP) strengthening can be applied to decrease the seismic vulnerability of existing masonry buildings, both with regard to in-plane and out-of-plane failure mechanisms. Experimentally, the impact of strengthening solutions has been thoroughly studied. There are, however, few efficient and reliable numerical modeling approaches that can accurately capture the effect...
The most seismically active region in Adriatic part of Croatia is the SE coastal region that have numerous cultural heritage sites. Therefore, it is important to estimate seismic risk for cultural heritage sites and to develop procedures for seismic risk assessment. These are the goals of the research project Seismic Risk Assessment of Cultural Heritage Buildings in Croatia (SeisRICHerCRO)...
The Supreme Court of Nepal is the highest court in Nepal. The Supreme Court of Nepal is an important building, built of brick in mud masonry structure and over 54 years of age which got moderate structural damage due to the recent Gorkha earthquake 2015. The need for safety of the building lying at high seismic zone in Nepal, the Seismic Vulnerability Assessment and Retrofit design was carried...
Mine seals are structures used to serve as protection shields against short term instantaneous pressure loadings like blasts, which could occur in mine cells during serviceability period in combination with possible hydrostatic pressure from ground water. They can also resist accidental loads, like earthquakes, that may occur during the excavation period. In this paper, experiences in modeling...
Recent seismic activity in Croatia has caused significant damage to a large number of old masonry buildings. Since the post-earthquake condition and mechanical properties are not known, on-site experimental testing is an important segment of the maintenance and repair of old masonry buildings. In this paper, the results of testing the mechanical properties and dynamic parameters on the damaged...
An experimental campaign, followed by a numerical research, aimed at evaluating the in-plane seismic behaviour of an innovative steel modular system (named “Resisto 5.9”, designed by Progetto Sisma s.r.l.) for the reinforcement of load-bearing masonry walls, has been performed at the EUCENTRE Foundation in Pavia.
Different masonry typologies, selected among the most common solutions in...
The seismic vulnerability of masonry infills has been observed persistently during post seismic surveys, and their seismic behaviour has been investigated for decades due to its complexity involving different aspects that need to be addressed and the diversity of existing masonry infill typologies. Despite the copious experimental studies conducted, only a few of them had the opportunity to...
Recent earthquakes have shown that existing older buildings are not sufficiently safe against seismic loads. This applies to both structural and non-structural elements of buildings. Damage to so-called 'heavy' façade structures is of particular concern, as falling components can cause personal injury and block important traffic and escape routes.
Heavy facades made of masonry, natural stone...
In this paper, the seismic response of a three 5 story reinforced concrete (RC) frame system buildings is analysed through the fragility and vulnerability analyses. The constructions are designed in accordance with the structural Eurocodes: EN1990; EN1991; EN1992; EN1998, as a ductility class high (DCH) systems. All three buildings have the same area, but different shape in the base. For the...
The FRIBAS database collects information on the characteristics of more than 300 buildings located in southern and northeastern Italy. The characteristics comprise age, construction material, storey number and other data such as geometrical features (e.g. shape) and construction details (e.g. roof type, floor types). Such characteristics were inferred based on external and sometimes internal...
This paper shows the results of bedrock depth analysis around the largest cover-collapse sinkhole that occurred during the 2020-2021 Petrinja earthquake sequence. Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) data was collected by the Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) team after the Mw6.4 December 2020 Petrinja earthquake in Croatia. In addition, the GEER team collected other...
Earthquakes and related coseismic effects at the surface, such as liquefaction and lateral spreading, can impact humans due to the resulting economic or social disruptions (e.g. slope and foundation failures, flotation of buried structures, etc.). In this respect, the 2020 Petrinja Mw6.4 earthquake (Croatia) provided many examples of liquefaction and lateral spreading, as identified by the...
This paper shows an overview of extensive geotechnical and geological investigation of soils around cover collapse sinkholes that appear in a constrained area around the Mečenčani and Borojevići villages following the 2020–2021 Petrinja earthquake sequence. A total of 122 new and 49 pre-existing historical sinkholes were recorded, mapped, and classified during the geotechnical reconnaissance...
In recent years, the improvement of disaster and emergency management through building a harmonized and efficient system for risk assessment of structures in the cross-border region has become increasingly popular.
Harmonization of the risk exposure model for cross border regions is first and most importan step for assessment of risk in the region. Different countries, even neighboring ones,...
Even today, moderate earthquakes can cause considerable damage and social disturbance, especially in areas populated with old and masonry buildings. Two recent moderate earthquakes that hit the Balkan peninsula in 2016 and 2020 affected the capital cities of Skopje and Zagreb, respectively. Both have shown the high vulnerability pattern of a current masonry building stock and emphasised the...
Strengthening and increasing the capacity of load-bearing walls of buildings after an earthquake is a challenge that requires special study. A viable option is strengthening using standard cement-based materials.
This paper will first present and discuss the buildings with load-bearing walls that have shown earthquake survival ability, as well as some methods to improve their...
Retaining structures in R. of North Macedonia are designed according to the concept of global safety factors, with the conventional methods of limit equilibrium. This method was widely used in ex-YU countries until Eurocodes have been published аs regulations in the country formal legislation, where there are prescribed different design approaches, with specific partial coefficients for...
After a seismic event, the observation of the consequences to buildings and infrastructures always highlights extensive damage in old or historical district of the hit area. Damage depends not only on the seismic intensity, but above all on the quality of materials and construction technique. The negative consequences of traditional design and construction approaches appeared in all their...
In micro tidal settings, processes of bioerosion and bioconstruction can lead to the development of distinct morphological features that define the modern shoreline. When such features are discovered above or below the present-day mean sea level, they reveal relative sea-level (RSL) change. Among the best sea-level indicators on rocky coasts are fixed biological and geomorphological markers –...
Historical centers of Europe and Croatia are often formed by unreinforced masonry building aggregates that developed as the layout of the city or village was densified. In these aggregates, adjacent buildings can share structural walls with an older and a newer unit connected either by interlocking or just by a layer of mortar. Observations after for example the recent Central Italy and...
ABSTRACT
The introductory part of this work gives a brief description of the recent earthquakes that have occurred in recent years in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The following is more detailed information about the consequences of an earthquake: the scale of destruction, the procedure for dealing with the consequences of an earthquake, methods of strengthening...
Based on the dataset of the liquefaction case histories collected in Canterbury, New Zealand, the artificial neural network was developed and applied to the data collected in the Petrinja earthquake.
CPTU testing covers many aspects of soil behaviour and allows for the estimation of parameters needed in liquefaction susceptibility analysis. During the 2010-2011 series of earthquakes in...
Assessing and finding the causes of damage in buildings belonging to construction typologies severely damaged as a result of the 26 November 2019 earthquake is of significant importance. Not only to better understand the causes of severe damage and the measures that should be taken specifically for these buildings, but also for planning the necessary interventions in these typologies not only...
Experience from previous earthquakes have shown that wall structural systems experience less damage during earthquake compared to frame systems. Wall systems for functional and architectural reasons frequently have openings (windows, doors, elevators, esc.). Wall systems with regularly distributed openings represent efficient system for resisting earthquake loads. Coupling beams connecting...
In this study nonlinear static pushover and dynamic time-history analyses of a typical masonry building situated in Palmotićeva street in downtown Zagreb were performed. The building was erected in 1922 before any seismic codes were introduced in practice. It has a basement, four storeys and an attic (total height equal to cca. 23m), and an asymmetric plan consisting of two connected parts: a...
Despite the moderate intensity, the series of earthquakes in Zagreb (2020) caused significant social and economic impacts and damage to the built environment. The city of Zagreb has a moderate seismic hazard, but it is highly exposed (densely populated) and the built environment is quite vulnerable (age of structures, low maintenance, illegal construction, and numerous reconstructions). The...
Unreinforced unconfined solid brick masonry walls were experimentally tested in full scale (233x241x25cm) and reduced scale (100x100x25cm) at the laboratory of the Institute for materials and structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering in Sarajevo. Cantilever walls were loaded in cyclic shear or pushed monotonically. In order to study the nonlinear behavior in a detailed and global manner, finite...
The purpose of this study investigates the seismic performance of a new type of yield metal dampers. Drilled plates are used in these metal dampers. These plates use holes with different diameters. Various drilling arrangement have also used to evaluate and improve the seismic performance of these types of dampers. For this study used a reference sample and 15 proposed models. The overall...
The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of seismically strengthening existing steel frames. Through computational analysis of the existing bare frame, two methods of seismic strengthening are proposed. The expected behaviour of each of the three tested steel frames was determined through an initial iterative calculation using numerical models. The dimensions for the two types of...
Almost 14000 aftershocks have been located in the first six month after the Mw 6.4 Petrinja earthquake of 29 December 2020. Most epicentres lie close to the NW–SE striking right-lateral causative fault, but considerable activity has been recorded in the surrounding area up to about 50 km away. The hypocentres reach depths of over 20 km, with most of activity recorded between the depths of 5...
The self-centring concentrically braced frames (SC-CBF) present an innovative structural typology for improved behaviour of the steel structures to earthquake loading. Namely, the SC-CBFs present an advanced technological solution for minimization of the residual drifts at concentrically braced frames which are quite substantial following high intensity seismic action. This structural type’s...
More and more buildings need to be repaired and strengthened, both for durability and for the effects of natural disasters such as earthquakes. The repair material should ensure compatibility with the subgrade materials and contribute to their improvement. The continuous development of materials has led to their excellent properties and application possibilities. In addition, the new...
In comparison with far-field (FF) ground motions, near-fault (NF) ground motions with forward directivity or fling-step effect are characterized by large pulses. These pulse-like (PL) ground motions have pronounced coherent pulses in velocity and displacement histories. Even though these prominent pulses generally have very few cycles in a PL ground motion, the destruction they cause to...
Senj is a medieval town located on the Eastern coast of Kvarner. In addition to war destruction, Senj has been hit by strong earthquakes throughout history. The appearance of significant earthquakes in this area is not surprising because according to the seismic area classification of the Republic of Croatia, Senj is located in an area where the horizontal peak ground acceleration is 0,24g....
Due to recent developments in net-zero policy, the cross-laminated timber (CLT) structures, with their low carbon footprint and potential competitiveness with steel and concrete structures, have gained popularity and are also considered in earthquake-prone regions. The present study analyses if an existing seismically inadequate 12-story residential building from the 1960s can be replaced with...
Masonry structures are commonly used for building residential buildings throughout the Balkans and worldwide, in urban and rural areas and areas with seismic risk. For masonry construction in seismic areas, confined masonry (CM) construction offers an appealing alternative to unreinforced masonry (URM) due to its better seismic performance. The numerical simulation of CM is often based on the...
Since the prediction of the seismic response of structures is subject to large uncertainties, the need for a probabilistic approach is obvious, especially for estimating the critical parameters of the seismic response. Considering the uncertainties that exist in the material and geometric form of reinforced concrete structures (RC), reliability analyses using the finite element method (FEM)...
The potentially high vulnerability and poor performance of the existing buildings, after past seismic events, including exploitation period has raised awareness of the need to improve their seismic performance. Repair and strengthening gives a new life to existing or ageing structures that might otherwise be demolished and replaced.
This paper will address the issues related to repair and...
Ancient masonry buildings are characterized often by a high seismic vulnerability: innovative intervention strategies for strengthening, based on the use of FRP composite materials are gradually spreading. In particular, the coupling of FRP preformed elements (meshes, angles and connectors) with mortar layers (Composite Reinforced Mortar techniques - CRM) evidenced a good physical, chemical...
Abstract
Being the first railway station as bridge form above the train track, constructed in Istanbul in 1915, Göztepe Train Station is one of the most special structures conserved in terms of both structural and architectural features till today. In the scope of Marmaray CR3 project, this historical landmark has been renovated and actively used as a train station. The original structural...
After the Petrinja earthquake in December 2020, 442 individual immovable cultural properties were damaged, including 124 cultural heritage buildings (28 percent) that suffered heavy structural damage. The largest number of damaged cultural heritage buildings refers to sacral buildings, mainly churches and chapels. In this paper, a brief overview of damage to several sacral buildings after the...
In this paper, numerical analysis of several historical masonry towers located in Italy was conducted. The towers differ in their geometric characteristics in terms of slenderness, thickness of the outer walls, the proportion of openings, while the material properties of all towers are similar.
The purpose of this paper was to analyze the influence of various geometries, soil properties and...
In this paper, the preliminary results of the project called Establishment of the national training centre for nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) will be presented. The project is funded by EEA Grants (Energy and Climate Change Programme). Seismic condition assessment and upgrading of existing RC structures are presented with a case study building in Zagreb. New technologies were applied and...
Abstract
Multi-storey reinforced concrete structures in previous periods, in general do not meet current seismic design code requirements, including the poor materials and execution of civil engineering works. In scope of this, is analysed the behaviour of the structures during the Earthquake of November 2019, in Albania, specifically in different buildings stocks.
Typical structural...
Structural Health Monitoring is essential when it comes to damage detection and quantification of civil infrastructure under dynamic excitations. Lately, seismic interferometry has been frequently used for damage identification of structures under earthquake excitations. The method uses data from vibrational sensors to detect changes in travel times of seismic waves propagating trough the...
A numerical study is done to determine the seismic performance of G+1 industrial RC building after retrofitting beams and columns. Deterioration of building has occurred due to excess chemical spillage over structural elements. Distressed beams and columns were retrofitted using jacketing techniques. The building is located in Indian Seismic Zone IV, so there is a need to understand the global...
Seismic performance evaluation of buildings represents a basis for seismic vulnerability and risk assessment. Considering the importance of seismic risk assessment nowadays, as one of the most actual topics in earthquake engineering, in this paper, a seismic performance evaluation of an existing RC high-rise building with walls located on the Montenegrin coast, an area with high seismic risk,...
In Istria there are more than 130 churches with preserved medieval mural paintings, which are an essential part of Istrian cultural identity, and classify Istria as the region with the greatest density of this type of cultural heritage. In the last 25 years considerable effort has been put into the preservation and conservation of the mural paintings, but also in the restoration of the...
Rubberized concrete is a promising material for structural elements, created by replacing aggregate with rubber particles in order to significantly reduce environmental impacts from large tyre waste with improved behaviour under earthquake loads.
Experimental studies on nine columns and three frames were carried out in order to determine the capacity of different structural elements in...
Presented in this paper is an innovative, uniform seismic protection system of masonry andinfilled frame buildings created on the basis of a specifically upgraded sliding isolation system with new SF devices.The new building sliding-space flange protection system (BSSF system) representsa specific research segment of the integral research project, led by the fourth author, conducted in the...
SEISMIC RESILIENCE OF THE SCHOOLS IN BANJA LUKA- - some structural and non-structural aspects
Banja Luka is a city which, in October 1969, experienced the strongest earthquake in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in which 2/3 of the school buildings were severely damaged or destroyed, and Banja Luka students were forced to attend that school year throughout the then...
Seismic isolation (SI) advantages for new buildings are well known: not only it allows to avoid damage of both structural and non structural elements under strong earthquake, but it mantains building functionality as well. This is possible thanks to strong reduction of accelerations and interstorey drift in the superstructure, i.e. the part of structure above the isolation layer.
SI offers...
Seismic retrofit of existing structures is an extremely important topic in the field of earthquake engineering. For strategic structures such as school and military buildings, bridges, the expected performance level is further raised compared to conventional structures to guarantee two fundamental targets: to resist the ultimate design seismic action corresponding to the life safety limit...
The impact of present building code requirements for seismic design in new buildings can readily be acknowledged, however applying regulation to existing buildings is an area less well defined. Presently, there is a diverse list of existing code references which could be interpreted to require seismic upgrades of existing structures. Unfortunately, these references do not provide a clear path...
There is a significant building stock of the existing low- and mid-rise unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings constructed after World War II in Serbia and neighbouring countries. Numerous buildings of this typology collapsed in the devastating 1963 Skopje, North Macedonia earthquake, causing fatalities, injuries, and property losses, and experienced damage in a few recent earthquakes in the...
The structure of the Clock Tower is massive, constructed of stone masonry with a height of about 29 meters and brick masonry in the upper octagonal part. It was damaged during the Skopje Earthquake in 1963. A rehabilitation of the structure was carried out in 1964, but without a seismic strengthening. Recently, field investigations were carried out and a three-dimensional analysis of the...
After the seismic events of 2019, one of the first difficulties encountered was finding and focusing attention on the most damaged areas. It is understood that the aid of the affected population was forthcoming, but the impact of the panic and the overall chaotic circumstances left little opportunity to focus proper attention on the areas with greater damage. A document with analysis, findings...
Soil-structure interaction (SSI) is for sure one of the most neglected effects in seismic structural design practice. However, many researchers showed that it might notably affect seismic performance results. In fact, the state-of-the-art seismic codes are encouraging including SSI for structures with considerable p-Δ effects and mid to high-rise buildings. In the current research, seismic...
The historic building of “Sokolski dom” in Kumanovo belongs to the plain masonry type of buildings. Built in the thirties of the last century for the needs of the “Sokolski Society”, this building was once the main impetus for enrichment of cultural, entertainment and sports life, enabling the proper development of many generations. Due to its significance it was put under the protection as...
Expansion joints on bridges are devices that enable relative displacements of the superstructure spans from the effects of temperature, traffic load and long-term effects. They are placed at the ends of the bridge, where they bridge the space between the superstructure and the abutment, while on very long bridges they are installed at all places where the superstructure breaks between...
Simulations and simulation systems are effective tools for training, verification and analysis. They protect the environment, and they do not have many restrictions. They enable exercises to be carried out in irrelevant of the location of the trainee, they save resources, and they enable training in an international environment with the aim of achieving compatibility and joint interoperability...
The Location Tower is one of the three sites from the 3d seismic network originally installed in the 80’s which is recently re-established and enabled for real-time monitoring and recording acceleration data. The Location Tower is consisted of one surface and three downhole instruments up to 125 meters down the bedrock; a nine story building with two instruments installed on 6th and 9th storey...
The viscous damper produces a force proportional to the velocity by moving the fluid inside their cylinder and, causes energy dissipation due to the dynamic vibrations by converting mechanical energy into heat. Viscose dampers with their three special features as powerful passive control devices have been widely studied in recent decades. The ability to improve the seismic performance of the...
Canadian provisions allow two alternatives for the seismic design of foundations: capacity-protected (CP) and not capacity-protected (NCP). CP foundations should develop the full resistance of seismic force resisting system (SFRS) and are favored whenever possible. With such foundations the inelastic activity occurs predominantly in the superstructure, unexpectedly high seismic demands are...
Large earthquakes are expected to cause structural damage even in modern buildings in full compliance with current design codes. While presumably safe, these and the much more frequent moderately sized earthquakes, can still negatively affect critical structures’ function. For example, hospitals, by distressing staff and patients as well as supporting systems such as critical utilities,...
The effects of Out-of-Plane inter-storey drift loads on RC frame structures with masonry infill walls is still largely unresearched; likewise, its combination with In-Plane (IP) loads. So, to gain more insight into the matter, 3D micromodels were developed and calibrated against their IP and OoP experimental counterparts. The calibrated micromodels were then used to include a simultaneous IP...
Albania like many other countries in Eastern Europe, in the 1960s and 1970s responded to the growing demand for new homes by taking advantage of the emerging trend of industrialization of the building process and the large-scale construction of prefabricated residential buildings based on large prefabricated RC elements. During the 1970s large-panel buildings spread throughout the country and...
The design and construction of modern, globally upgraded and seismically safe industrial hall systems (SSIH Systems) is currently viewed as an activity of extraordinary importance since these structures most frequently house new advanced and robotically conceptualized industrial machines and equipment whose value multiply exceeds the value of the integral structures. The SSIH systems are of...
The prestandard of the Swiss Society of engineers and architects (SIA) 2018 for the verification of the seismic safety and risk-based retrofit of existing buildings (SIA, 2004) was published in 2004 and updated as the SIA269/8 building code (SIA, 2017) in December 2017. The Swiss standard for existing buildings is applied in practice since 2004 and shows an adequate balance between a...
A detailed historical background of the case study building is shown, and observed damage and conducted in situ tests are discussed. The nonlinear static seismic analysis performed in the 3Muri software is extensively elaborated. Several strengthening scenarios are proposed with various strengthening techniques. The renovation of the case study building is presented through extensive photo...
This paper aims to describe the CRISIS web-based platform (WBP) in all its parts and functionalities. The platform is the main result of the two-year EU-funded project CRISIS (Comprehensive RISk assessment of basic services and transport InfraStructure). It has been developed by EUCENTRE (European Centre for Training and Research in Earthquake Engineering) using the most up-to-date web...
Extended end-plate bolted connections as moment-resistant connections between beam and column usually fall in the semi-rigid partial strength category. Simplicity, duplication, and economy made this joint widely used in steel frame structures. This type of joint is prevalent nowadays which requires knowledge of the entire nonlinear moment-rotation behaviour of the joints. Using ABAQUS FE...
The response of structures exposed to earthquakes is mainly defined by the stiffness of the structural elements which is governed by their dimensions and the material properties. Building’s seismic performance is essential for their earthquake resilience especially beyond safety point defined by building code. The main philosophy of modern codes is to increase the earthquake resiliency of the...
This paper emphasizes the importance of disaster risk governance in post-disaster recovery on the example of the post-disaster recovery of Croatia after a series of strong seismic events in mainland Croatia. The analysis is based on a thorough review of the national documents of Croatia and other selected countries overlapped with the national journals reporting on the situation from the...
